Diagnosing and Treating Pericardial Effusion

Pericardial effusion is defined as the accumulation of fluid within the pericardial space. As the pressure within the pericardial space increases, right sided cardiac filling is impaired, resulting in decreased stroke volume with subsequent decreases in cardiac output and ultimately decreased oxygen delivery to the tissues (shock). These manifestations of pericardial effusion are referred to as cardiac tamponade. Successful emergency management of dogs with life threatening pericardial effusion depends on early triage, a thorough physical examination, point of care diagnostic imaging techniques, and subsequent pericardiocentesis or placement of an indwelling pericardial drain.